Vapor power cycle gasturbine cycles typically operate at considerably higher temperatures than steam cycles. Binary vapor cycle, vapor power cycles, assignment help. Ppt vapour compression cycle powerpoint presentation. In chapters 15 and 16 we attempt to apply the fundamental work of previous chapters to vapour and gas power cycles respectively. The main difficulties of the carnot cycle are overcome by complete condensation in the condenser and by superheating optional. It is an idealized cycle in which friction losses in each of the four components are neglected. Watersteam is easily available, is cheap, is chemically stable and physiologically harmless. Considering only heat loss q loss in the expansion process at the turbine, what is the correct relation among enthalpies of steam entering and leaving the turbine h 1 and h 2 respectively, turbine work w t and heat loss q loss a. May 08, 2009 the ideal cycle for vapour power cycles the rankine cycle is the ideal cycle to represent the vapour power plants. Rankine cycle efficiency of a good steam power plant may be in the range of a 15 to 20% b 35 to 45% c 70 to 80%.
Take a childs water pistol with a large reservoir into class together with a bucket and an electric kettle. Heat is derived from various energy sources like fossil fuels, nuclear fusion of. The power to weight ratios are generally high for high throughout gas turbine power plants and hence are favoured for the aviation and also for power generation. Chapter 9 gas power cycles universiti tenaga nasional. Contents introduction of vapour power cycle rankine cycle the influence of steam property reheat cycle regenerative cycle binaryvapour cycle conclusion introduction. If you are not ignoring the power input, then you need to find h1. Pdf carnot factor of a vapour power cycle with regenerative. The power cycle, that is a combination of two cycles, one in the high temperature area and the other in the low temperature area, termed as the binary vapor cycle. To make simple thermodynamics analysis possible, we use the concept of ideal cycle. Vapour power cycles are used in steam power plants. Vapour power cycle 1 cogeneration heat exchanger scribd. Rankine cycle operating on low pressure limit of p1 and high pressure limit of p 2. Hence it is the most commonly employed working fluid.
Operating principles vapor power plants the ideal rankine vapor power cycle efficiency improved efficiency superheat 12312016 jhangirabad institute of technology 2 3. In vapour power cycle, there will be a phase change of the fluid. Naphis ahmad assistant professor jit, barabanki 12312016 jhangirabad institute of technology 1 2. Due to its use as working substance in vapour power cycle, this cycle is. Solve problems based on the otto, diesel, stirling. This chapter and the following one break from this trend.
The project on development of remaining three quadrants to nptel phasei under grant in aid nmeict, mhrd, new delhi. Vapour power cycles conventional and alternative power. Vapor power cycle carnot vapor power cycle rankine cycle 2. In a vapour power cycle, the working fluid is water, which undergoes a change of phase. In a power cycle heat energy released by the burning of fuel is converted into work shaft work, in which a working fluid repeatedly performs a succession of processes. Evaluate the performance of gas power cycles for which the working fluid remains a gas throughout the entire cycle. Vapour power cycles are external combustion systems in which the working fluid is alternatively vaporized and condensed. If the windows in the room open, then perhaps you can fire the water pistol out of the window, otherwise use the bucket. Water is first converted to steam at high pressure and expanded in nozzles to provide a high velocity jet. Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. Vapour power cycle applied thermodynamics me f214\mf. Vapour power cycle applied thermodynamics me f214\mf f214. It does not involve and internal ireversibilites and consists of the following four processes.
At the same time boil the kettle and produce clouds of. It was also used to study the performance of reciprocating steam engines. You may be very familiar with all these studies in which case you should proceed directly to section 2. For some type of heat engines gases heat exchange at constant temperature is impracticable and hence, carnot cycle cannot be practicable for gas power plants. Jan 31, 2018 143 videos play all thermodynamics and power plant engineering for gate mechanical engineering tutorials point india ltd. Power cycles most power producing devices operate on cycles.
Power cycles otto cycle spark ignition diesel cycle brayton cycle gas turbine rankinecycle. Himanshu rajput363 mechanical engineering department nit hamirpur 2. Ch 9, lesson a, page 1 introduction to vapor and gas power cycles up to this point in the course, each chapter has brought a variety of new concepts and techniques for you to master. Sometimes it will be in liquid phase, sometimes in vapour phase or sometimes in both phase while in gas power cycle, there will be no phase change in the cycle. The power cycles are categorised as vapor power cycle and gas power cycle, depending upon the working fluids used in the cycle. Rankine cycle in hindivapour power cycle 1 youtube. This jet impinges on turbine blades to rotate them at high speeds and thus. Thermodynamic analyses such as the carnot cycle and the rankine cycle are employed in order to calculate the power output and efficiency of thermal conversion. We often study the ideal cycle in which internal irreversibilities and complexities the. Analyze power generation coupled with process heating called cogeneration. Gas power cycle carnot gas power cycle otto cycle diesel cycle dual cycle brayton cycle 3 4. What is the difference between vapour power cycle and gas. Heat exchange at constant temperature for saturated vapour also takes place at constant pressure in some devices such as condens.
Gas turbine power plants are lighter and compact when compared to power plants running on vapour cycles. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The maximum fluid temperature at the turbine inlet is about 620c for modern steam power plants, but over 1425c for gasturbine power plants. Gasturbine cycles typically operate at considerably higher temperatures than steam cycles. The rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle of a heat engine that converts heat into mechanical work while undergoing phase change. Vapour compression cycle energy management handbook sixth edition, chapter 8 refrigerator air conditioning plant heat pump refrigerator electricmotordriven. Up to this point in the course, each chapter has brought a variety of new concepts and techniques for you to master. In this video we will discuss about different steam power plant components and also about rankine cycle. Rankine cycle efficiency of a good steam power plant may be in the range of a 15 to 20% b 35 to 45% c 70 to 80% d 90 to 95%. Develop simplifying assumptions applicable to gas power cycles. Thermodynamics vapor power cycle the carnot vapour cycle. A thermodynamic cycle is a sequence or series of processes performed on a system, that eventually returns the system to its original state. Operating principles vapor power plants the ideal rankine vapor power cycle efficiency improved efficiency superheat 12312016 jhangirabad institute of technology 2.
In a majority of vapour power cycles, the working fluid is water. The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. The above figure shows the objectives of refrigerators and heat pumps. Watersteam is easily available, is economical, chemically stable and physiologically harmless. Mcqs with answers on simple steam power cycle, rankine cycle, comparison of rankine and carnot cycles, reheat cycle, feedwater heater, ideal working fluid in vapour power cycles, steam power plant, gas power cycle, air standard cycle etc. The steam cycle is a practical one, it is the basis of virtually all steam power plants and hence electricity generation. The power cycle, that is a combination of two cycles, one in the high temperature area and the other in the low temperature area, termed as. Pdf chapter 10 vapor and combined power cycles ruben. Analyze the reheat and regenerative vapor power cycles. This chapter helps readers to demonstrate the limitation of the hypothetical carnot cycle and to understand the basic vapour cycles, the practical amendments used to improve steam cycle. Gas power cycles are thermodynamic cycles, which use air, as the working fluid. To acquire the high thermal efficiency of the power plant, by employing two functioning fluids like water and mercury, the binary vapor cycle has been build up.
Steam is the most common working fluid used in vapor power cycles because of its many desirable characteristics, such as low cost, availability, and high enthalpy of vaporization. Heat engines are designed to convert thermal energy to work. Introduction vapour power cycles are external combustion systems in which the working fluid is alternately vapourised and condensed. In vapour power cycle, the working fluid exists in vapor phase during one part of the cycle and in liquid phase during another part whereas in a gas power cycle, the working fluid remains in the gaseous phase. In vapour power cycles, a vapour is used as the working substance. Then it is converted to electrical energy by rotating a generator which produces electrical energy.
The cycles encountered in actual devices are difficult to analyze because of the presence of complicating effects, such as friction, and the absence of sufficient. What is the relation between efficiency of rankine cycle. Power cycles depending on the types of processes involved power cycles can also be classified as follows. The ideal cycle for vapour power cycles the rankine cycle is the ideal cycle to represent the vapour power plants. Ideal for students and professionals of mechanical engineering preparing for semester exams, gate, psus, netsetjrf and other entrance exams. Due to its use as working substance in vapour power cycle. It is over 1500c at the burner exit of turbojet engines. The rankine cycle is a model used to predict the performance of steam turbine systems. Thermodynamics vapor power cycle the carnot vapour. Oct 30, 2017 this is our first lecture of vapour power cycle.
These idealized cycles serve as starting point for more indepth studies. Introduction2 in any thermal power generation plant, heat energy converts into mechanical work. Ch 9, lesson a, page 1 introduction to vapor and gas power cycles. We often study the ideal cycle in which internal irreversibilities and complexities the actual intake of air and fuel, the actual combustion process. Power cycles most power producing devices operate on cycles, and the study of power cycles is an exciting and important part of thermodynamics. Gas power cycles our study of gas power cycles will involve the study of those heat engines in which the working fluid remains in the gaseous state throughout the cycle. Heat exchange at constant temperature for saturated vapour also takes place at. Vapour power cycles are external combustion systems in which the working fluid is alternately vapourised and condensed. The power required to pump the water is much less than that required to compress the vapour if it was possible. The power input to the feed pump is very small compared to the power output of the turbine and you can often neglect it altogether. A simple gt power plant is shown in the image below. Introduction to gas power cycles thermal engineering add comments.
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